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KOPPITZ-2
Koppitz Developmental Scoring System for Bender Gestalt 2nd Edition
Cecil R. Reynolds, Ph.D.
Determine the presence and degree of visual-motor issues
Overview
Overview
Developed to determine the presence and degree of visual-motor issues; identify candidates for remediation or visual-motor training; monitor the progress of progressive degenerative diseases; and evaluate the effectiveness of intervention efforts the KOPPITZ has been recently revised. The KOPPITZ-2 has been updated to include an expanded age range with additional norms and improved reliability and is suitable for those ages 5 to 85.
- New norms based on a nationally representative sample of 3,600 people
- Separate scoring systems for young children (ages 5 to 7 years) and older children and adults (ages 8 to 85+ years)
- The addition of two- and three-dimensional drawings for older children and adults — drawings that can reveal subtle visual-motor integration deficits
- A completely nonverbal format that makes the test appropriate for individuals from all cultural and ethnic backgrounds
- High reliability across age, gender, and ethnicity
- Detailed scoring guidelines that insure high interscorer reliability
- A variety of scores — standard scores, percentile ranks, specialized scores, and age equivalents — to meet the needs of all practioners
- A separate section of the Manual explaining how to use KOPPITZ Emotional Indicators (EIs) and a specialized form for this purpose
Key Areas Measured
Key Areas Measured
- Visual-Motor Integration Skills
Quick Reference
Age
5 to 85
Administration Type
Self
Administration Time
25 to 30 minutes
Qualification Level
B
Format(s)
Handscored
Quick Reference
Age
5 to 85
Administration Type
Self
Administration Time
25 to 30 minutes
Qualification Level
B
Format(s)
Handscored
How To UseHow To Use
Reliability and ValidityReliability and Validity
Normative DataNormative Data
The KOPPITZ-2 takes between 5 and 10 minutes, and is administered by a clinician. The respondent is required to draw figures from the Bender designs on a plain sheet of paper that become increasingly more complex. The respondent is also expected to organize the task independently.
Internal consistency (alpha) reliabilities for all but one age are above .80, the exception being the reliabilities of the 5-year-old children which is .77, a value that rounds to .80. The average of reliabilities across ages is .88. The test correlates highly with the WISC–III Performance Scale and Perceptual Organization Index.
The normative sample for the KOPPITZ-2 included 3,600 individuals representative of the U.S. population in regard to socio-economic factors, ethnicity, region, community size, and other critical variables.
